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Lasers work on materials using the principle of absorption.  In other words, the material must absorb the laser energy.  Many different laser sources can and cannot work on materials.The power of the laser, measured in watts will affect the speed and depth a laser will work on a material.

Lowest cost laser machines are lowest power CO2 lasers (30 to 80 watts) that work on nonmetals including acrylics and other plastics, wood and paper, fabrics and textiles and other nonmetals. (See Mica Series and BL Series)

CO2 lasers with powers above 80 watts can cut and engrave or mark the same nonmetals with higher speed and increased thickness. (See Mica Series and BL Series)

Tremendously large CO2 lasers, measured in thousands of kilowatts can cut through metal such as mild steel and aluminum. (See Bristol Series and Kabir Series)

A new area for cost-competitve CO2 lasers is the mid-range power (150 - 400 watts) where thin metal cutting is possible. (See Kabir Series)

Fiber laser and YAG Laser and Diode Laser markers can mark or discolor the surface of metals, but generally do not cut.  However, new advances in higher power markers enable them to cut very thin metals. (See Cromwell Series).

Metal cutting Fiber/YAG/Diode lasers are different from markers.  The key difference is that they cut only and can provide a crude mark.  Nonmetals, including clear plastics, are invisible so the laser passes through it, like green light passes through glass.  Some plastics do work, but not all plastics. (See Kabir Series)

There is an overlap in laser capability, so if you can estimate your needs now and in the future, then this will help you to select the best machine technology.  For a chart and explanation of laser source capabilities see the Kabir Series.

Significant demand for laser marking metals by a CO2 laser machine has caused manufactures to create novel products.  Look alike metals that look and feel like metal but are plastic are popular substitutes for brass, gold and silver--they are made by a company named Rowmark.

Ceramic coatings can be applied to metals, so that when the CO2 laser energy is abosrbed by them, they cure with a fine contrasting black mark.  Cermark and Thermark are two popular brands.

Other coatings or paints can be applied to create a reverse image by using the CO2 laser to ablate, or remove the coating.

Cutting lasers, such as the Bristol Series, can discolor metals to produce a mark, but the quality is rough.  For example, if the application is for use for internal numbering then it is adequate.

The technology explanation is as follows. Cutting Lasers that are Fiber/YAG/Diode operate at an average power output of several hundred watts.  Conversely, marking lasers operate at an extremely high peak power that is many thousands of watts but rest in between peak pulses.  It is the peak power pulses of these markers that produce terrific contrasting marks.

Laser power, measured in watts, is a simple way to compare lasers.  However, there are many additional technologies that affect cut speed and cut quality.

Optics, including mirrors and focus lenses, and sometimes beam "conditioning" optics play a significant role.  The optics can increase quality and laser power at the material.  Therefore it is wise to consider multiple lenses in your laser machine purchase.  (See the Options for Laser Head Upgrade)

Compressed air and assist gas can increase laser cutting speed, reduce "heat affected zone" and increase overall quality.  An air pump with an on/off switch is inadequate for fine laser cutting.  Higher pressure air will reduce charring in wood and other natural materials.  Nitrogen gas will prevent flaming and do an even better job.  (See the Options for Laser Head Upgrade)

Compare the material absorption chart to the laser sources.  Differing absorption does not make a one-to-one comparison for differing laser source technologies.

You may not.  The welded steel frame in the Kabir Precision Series increases accuracy and it good for laser machining.  It is not necessary for many common applications like cutting and engraving acrylic.

The matched set includes a filter for vibration removal and increased accuracy at higher speeds.  If you want higher production throughput or higher acceleration for a shorter run time on your jobs, then go with the matched set. (See Mica Series)

Cutting thicker materials is best done with a long length focal lens (rather than the standard focus lens that comes with the machine).  Also, laser powers over 100 watts are recommended to reduce the heating of the acrylic and making for a faster cut.  (See the Options of Mica Series for Laser Head Upgrade).

If very thick acrylic is to be cut often, then consider the Milford Series, because its machine design addresses the unique requirements for production acrylic cutting. For example, laser cutting acrylic produces combustable gases that flair up while cutting. This machine has an air pipe underneath to blow out the flame. (See Milford Series)

Our Chinese factory is managed by USA personnel. We "import" USA components then assemble in China, to provide you with the best value.  Our technical support is provided in the United States.

Ask us!  We have years of experience in common and uncommon processes. We may have samples to show from previous work (See Lab & Contract Manufacturing).  Or, we can run samples for you at our lab. In some cases, we perform short production runs for companies to prove out the process. (See Laser Process Your Samples)

1. Laser Source.  The laser itself can be the most expensive item in the laser machine.

2. Machine Size. Larger machines can process larger jobs or hold bigger sheets of material. We find that buyers purchase additional lasers, after a year or so, that are larger and keep their original machines running smaller size jobs.

3. Machine Type. Welded steel frames provide higher accuracy due to rigidity. Matching servo motors with amplifiers provide higher speed processing at higher cost. Control systems to run these machines are more expensive than lighter duty control systems.

4. Laser Focus Heads. Optics and focus heads get the laser beam to the material. Higher quality has its price.

In general, the laser machine is simple to setup and run.  Third party design software, such as Corel Draw or AutoCAD is used to make the design.  These designs are downloaded to the laser machine that acts like a printer or pen plotter.

What takes time can be adjusting the laser power, speed, and air pressure to get the ideal quality.  Most materials are setup and go, but some are not and requiring an interative test process.  A test pattern is best used that varies both laser power and speed, then examine the part to decide your best match.

For the Mica Series and BL Series CO2 lasers below 100 watts and the Cromwell Fiber Lasers and F Series a wall plug with 110 VAC and a 15 Amp circuit is adequate.  Larger machines may require 220 VAC single phase or three phase power--as only found in industrial settings.

An air compressor with clean dry air is recommended, or simply use the air pump that comes with the machine.

Exhaust outside or inside if you purchase our filtration. See Upgrades.  Local law compliance is the responsibility of the buyer.

For the fiber laser, there are two types or two technologies that have different capabilities.  One type is called a fiber laser marker.  This fiber laser is typically sold as a 10 or 20 watt laser.  But it is Q switched (and that is the technology difference).  The Q switching is a technique whereby the laser is internally delayed so that it builds up a huge, and I mean huge, amount of power, then let loose.  When released the pulsed output power for the 10 watt is 6 kilowatts, or 6000 watts.  For the 20 watt laser, it is about 12,000 watts.  The result is that the average power drops to about 1-2 watts, but the pulsed power is 6-12 KW.  When 6-12KW hits aluminum 6061 it discolors on the surface and gives you a nice brown or black contrasting mark.  In summary, this is the technology used for fiber laser marking.  Pricewise, a typical laser marker sells for $20-$30K and marks an area of 4 inches square or so.

The second technology for fiber lasers is continuous wave, or CW, fiber lasers.  For cutting aluminum at a quarter inch, these machines have an average power of 1,000-2,000 watts. The CW power is needed to heat up and penetrate solid metals.  These machines are priced at $250,000 - $800,000.

Lexan is a brand name.  The industry name is polycarbonate.  The fiber laser will pass through the lexan, similar to a light passing through glass.  The technology reason is that the fiber laser has a wavelength that passes through nonmetals.  In general a fiber laser will not cut nor mark clear plastics or wood.

My recommendation for a laser machine is this one:

http://www.2laser.com/all_new_200_300_400_500_metal_cutting_laser_machines_--_financing_available

To mark your panels, you apply a spray coating named Cermark.  Cermark is a ceramic coating that has been tested in outdoor accelerated harsh environmental tests and passed.  It cures to a thickness of a few microns.  You use the CO2 laser to cure it.

http://www.ferro.com/Our+Products/ColorsGlass/FunctionalIndustrial/CerMark/Materials/Laser+Marking+on+Metal.htm

For cutting thin carbon steels, this laser will do it. For the zinc coating, it should be fine.

For nonmetals work, such as engraving plastics and cutting plastics, the CO2 laser can do that directly, without the need for Cermark.  The technology reason for this is that the CO2 laser operates at a different wavelength from the fiber/YAG/diode lasers.  The CO2 laser operates at a wavelength that is ten times longer, so that these materials absorb the laser energy, for the most part, rather than transmit or reflect it.

Polycarbonate, however, can be challenging for a CO2 laser.  It is fine for cutting thin polycarbonate and getting good edge quality (thin means about a sixteenth of an inch or less).  However, for a quarter inch polycarbonate, the cut will be black and jagged.  For marking/engraving, it discolors to a brown or black, so fine for this laser process.